This page tells you about the scan, how to prepare and what will happen during your scan.

We also have a short film here Having a Breast MRI | North Bristol NHS Trust

The film follows the journey of one of our patients from their arrival at reception to leaving the department following their scan.

What is an MRI of the breast?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive medical imaging test with no radiation (no X-rays). It uses magnetic field, radio frequency pulses, and a computer, to produce detailed pictures of the breasts.

When is breast MRI used?

MRI of the breast is used for a number of reasons. It is not a replacement for mammograms (breast X-rays) or ultrasound, but is used to provide extra information about your breasts.

Some of the reasons are:

• to provide additional screening if you have an increased risk of breast cancer to investigate abnormalities found by mammograms and ultrasound
• to assess the extent of a diagnosed cancer before planning treatment
• to measure the effect of chemotherapy on breast cancers
• to check the condition of breast implants

Essential information

Because of the powerful magnets used in MRI scanning, it is not suitable for everyone. Before the MRI, a member of the MRI Team will go through a safety checklist with you.

Dental filings, bridges, joint replacements and cardiac stents can all be scanned safely. Please still inform the Radiographer as they may need to minimise the effect on your imaging. 

It is very important that you tell us if you have:

• any form of surgical implant
• pacemakers
• cochlear implants
• internal electronic devices
• clips on arteries especially following brain surgery
• metal fragments in your eyes
• implanted pumps
• implanted electronic stimulators

Please let the MRI Team know as soon as possible if you have any implanted devices. The phone number is on your appointment letter.

Clips used in breast imaging

Clips are often used in breast imaging to mark an area in the breast at the time of a biopsy. If you have one of these clips in your breast it is unlikely to prevent you from having your MRI, but please tell us If you have had surgery where a breast port or expander has been implanted please let the department know prior to your MRI as it may not be safe to have the MRI.

What happens when I arrive?

• You will be met by a member of the MRI Team, who will check your personal details and go through a safety checklist with you.
• They will explain the procedure to you. Please feel free to ask any questions at this time.
• You will be asked to undress and change into a  gown (to wear with the opening at the front). A locker will be provided for your clothes.
• It is very important that you do not bring anything containing metal into the scanning room. Please leave all  jewellery, credit cards, piercings, watches, mobile phones, and any other metal objects in the locker provided. Gold wedding bands will not affect the scanner and can be worn.

What happens during the scan?

• Breast MRI uses a special dye (contrast medium) which helps to take detailed pictures of the breast. This is called gadolinium-DTPA.
• The radiographer will use a needle to introduce a small flexible plastic tube into a vein in your arm so that the contrast medium can be given at the appropriate time during your scan.
  Please note the injection will not be necessary if you are having the breast MRI purely to assess your breast implants.
• You will then be asked to lie on your front on the MRI couch.
• Your breasts will need to go into the two holes on the couch. The Radiographer (always a female member of staff) may help position you. Please let us know if you are not comfortable as it is important that you lie absolutely still.
• The couch then slowly moves into the MRI scanner and the images are taken.
• The scanner is very noisy, please make sure the headphones are positioned over your ears. Earplugs are also available. 
• The radiographer operates the MRI scanner from behind a partition. They will be able to see you throughout the procedure and you will be able to talk to them through an intercom in the MRI scanner. If you would like updates during of the scan, please let the radiographer know.

How long does a breast MRI take?

The procedure takes approximately 30 minutes, but please allow 1 hour 30 minutes for the appointment.

Can I eat and drink on the day of the MRI scan?

Yes, please eat and drink as normal. Please also take all your medication as you normally would.

Drink plenty of water after the scan because the contrast medium injection can sometimes dehydrate you.

Does having a breast MRI hurt?

No, MRI scans do not hurt.

Some women may find the injection uncomfortable. It is also normal to feel a slight flushing sensation when the injection is given but this usually settles quickly.

Some women may find lying on their front uncomfortable.

I have heard MRI scans are noisy, is this true?

The action of a large magnet in the MRI makes a knocking or drumming noise. The noise changes several times during your scan; this is perfectly normal.

We have recorded a film of the experience of a breast MRI scan that includes some of the various noises that you will hear, and these can be listened to here Having a Breast MRI | North Bristol NHS Trust.

You will be given headphones to reduce the noise. 

You will still be able to hear what the radiographer says. If you would like, we can play the radio through these headphones.

I’m feeling worried about having the scan. What can I do?

It’s normal to feel a bit anxious about having an MRI scan especially if it’s your first one. Here are some tips that you may find helpful to prepare for your scan, and while you are having it.

Preparing for the scan

The more information you have before the scan the more relaxed you will feel at your appointment, The film on the website (at www.nbt.nhs.uk/breastmri) gives lots of helpful information on what to expect, including what the machines look and sound like. It will also give you an opportunity to see if there’s anything you don’t understand, or anything you would like more information on to prepare you.

During the scan

If you are feeling anxious during the scan:

• Remind yourself why you are having the scan (for example to review your health/get the best treatment possible) - knowing there are good reasons for having this MRI can help you to get through it.
• Know that it’s normal to feel some anxiety during a procedure. Breathing slowly and gently can help relax your mind and body. It’s important not to take deep breaths as this can affect the quality of the scan pictures.
• Distract yourself. For example, think of a relaxing place you have been to. such as a beautiful beach or a country walk and think about all the details (like the colours, sounds, smells, etc.).
• Be kind to yourself (a bit like being your own cheerleader) for example ‘I can do this’, ‘I’m doing really well’, ‘I’m in safe hands’.
• Remember that it will pass. Your radiographer will be able to give you an idea of how long the scan will be. If you would like time updates of how long you’ve been in the scanner and how long before it’s finished please let them know when you arrive on the day.

Getting a good picture – the radiographers will ask you to be absolutely still throughout your scan to ensure that we obtain the best pictures possible. 

If you need to stop the scan

There is a ‘help button’ which will be available to you. Squeeze this button if you need assistance from the radiographers. If you are having the contrast, please only squeeze the bell during the contrast scan if you have a medical emergency as we cannot repeat that scan on the same day and may need to rebook your appointment. 

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact the MRI department, on 0117 414 9003, in advance. It’s more helpful to contact the team beforehand so you can get support to make your experience of having a scan go as smoothly as possible.

Can I have a breast MRI if I am pregnant or breast feeding?

It is very important to tell the radiographer if you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant or are breast feeding.

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding this will need to be discussed with the referring doctor to make sure that MRI is still the best option. 

How will I get my results?

How you receive the results of your MRI scan will depend on the reason for your scan and may be by letter, phone or at an appointment in person. How you receive your results will have been arranged with you prior to your scan.

A copy of your results will also be sent to your GP.

A note about your results and follow-up:

After your MRI has been reported, it is sometimes necessary to call you back to a breast clinic to take additional mammogram images or perform an ultrasound scan. This is a routine part of ensuring the clearest possible assessment and does not necessarily mean anything is wrong. If you are asked to return, please try not to worry; it is a standard step in providing you with the most thorough care.

Are there any side effects?

There are no expected side-effects of the MRI scan itself, and you will be free to drive and return to work should you wish.

In very rare cases, some women can have an allergic reaction to the contrast medium used in breast MRI. The radiographer and doctors are all trained to deal with such reactions.

How to contact us

• MRI Department Southmead Hospital 0117 414 9003 
• Bristol Breast Care Centre 0117 414 7000 
• Avon Breast Screening, Breast Care Nurses 0117 414 7072

Date published: 17 July 2026 Review due: 31 July 2029 PI number: BFT002956

Blood Transfusion

Telephone: 0117 4148350
On-Call Haematology BMS via bleep 9433

Autolab heldesk

Telephone: 0117 4148383
On-Call Haematology BMS via bleep 9433

Medical Staff

Dr A Whiteway
Consultant Haematologist
Head of Clinical and Laboratory Haematology
Via Haematology secretaries - Telephone: 0117 4148401

Dr Michelle Melly
Consultant Haematologist
Via Haematology secretaries - Telephone: 0117 4148401

Dr M Kmonicek
Consultant Haematologist
Via Haematology secretaries - Telephone: 0117 4148401

Dr Samreen Siddiq
Consultant Haematologist
Via Haematology secretaries - Telephone: 0117 4148401

Dr Sophie Otton
Consultant Haematologist
Via Haematology secretaries - Telephone: 0117 4148401

Dr Jaroslaw Sokolowski
Consultant Haematologist
Via Haematology secretaries - Telephone: 0117 4148401

Dr Surenthini Salmon
Consultant Haematologist
Via Haematology secretaries - Telephone: 0117 4148401

Dr Kiri Dixon
Consultant Haematologist
Via Haematology secretaries - Telephone: 0117 4148401

Laboratory Staff

Mr Alan Noel
Blood Sciences Manager
Telephone: 0117 4146295

Mrs Ellen Roberts
Blood Sciences Operations Manager
Telephone: 0117 4148498

Mr Tim Wreford-Bush
Lead BMS Blood Transfusion
Telephone: 0117 4148363

Dr Karen Mead
Specialist Practitioner of Transfusion
Telephone: 0117 4148358

Mrs Grace VanDerMee
Lead BMS Haematology
Telephone: 0117 4148356

Mrs Halina Collingbourne
Quality Manager
Telephone: 0117 4148354

Anticoagulation Monitoring Service

Please note that this service has moved to Pharmacy.

Llinos Jones
AMS@nbt.nhs.uk
Telephone 0117 4148405
Contactable from Mon-Fri 09:00 - 17:00

Secretaries Office

Telephone: 0117 4148401
Email: HaematologySecretaries@nbt.nhs.uk

BCARE hosts the Antimicrobial Reference Laboratory which provides a comprehensive antimicrobial assay service for the purposes of therapeutic monitoring and supporting consultative advice on technical aspects and clinical interpretation of antimicrobial assays. The laboratory receives referred samples from all over the UK and Ireland.

Please see the assay booklet below for full details.

Assays of serum drug concentrations are indicated in the following situations:

• Drugs with a known or suspected relationship between concentrations in blood and toxicity
• Drugs with a known or suspected relationship between concentrations in blood and efficacy
• Where there is pharmacokinetic variation such that concentrations in blood cannot be predicted
• To confirm oral absorption
• To test compliance

The Antimicrobial Reference Laboratory routinely provides a wide range of antimicrobial assays. Some of these are routinely performed in large numbers and no advance warning is required if the sample is to arrive during a normal working day; others are performed less frequently and advance warning is essential if a same-day service is required.

In addition advice can be obtained on development of LS/MS assays, problems with immunoassays and patient-related issues.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and serum bactericidal titres (SBTs) can be performed on patients’ isolates and sera.

Analyte Information

Forms

Information for patients and carers

Welcome to the North Bristol Weight Management Service

This information is to help you prepare for your procedure. Take time to read it carefully, and we can answer any questions you have.  

Important information:  

• We are here to help you on your weight loss journey and think surgery will help your health and wellbeing.  
• It is a big step, and we can help you make long-term habits to maintain your progress. We can support you for 2 years after surgery.  
• We cannot offer this procedure to anyone who smokes or vapes – nicotine causes complications.  
• We welcome your feedback and suggestions to improve our service.  

Gastric bypass surgery

We offer two types of gastric bypass operations using a laparoscopic (or keyhole) technique under general anaesthetic. 

• One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB)  
• Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) 

This is usually done through 5 to 7 small incisions on the front of the abdomen (tummy). 

Both operations reduce the size of the stomach, meaning you will eat smaller portions. This will also change your gut hormones which may make you feel less hungry, increase metabolism, and affect taste preferences. During this first year you will form new eating and drinking habits.

One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB)

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)

Sleeve gastrectomy

Sleeve gastrectomy involves the removal of approximately 80% of the stomach. This leaves a thin tube or sleeve, which holds about 50 to 100mls of fluid. The digestive tract stays intact below the stomach. 

It works by restricting how much food you can eat and affecting appetite by removing some stomach cells that produce a hormone that controls huger. 

What are the risks?

The risks of a gastric bypass can include:

• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) or Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
• ulcers
• staple line leak 
• bleeding 
• injury to the stomach, bowel or other abdominal organs 
• infection (chest or wound)
• death, which is rare

The most common long term complications are:

dumping syndrome

• malnutrition
• acid reflux
• constipation
• nutritional deficiencies
• excess skin

The risk of ulcers can be reduced by acid-reducing medications such as lansoprazole.

Along with a balanced diet, you will need to take iron, vitamin D, calcium, vitamin B12 and A-Z multivitamin supplements for the rest of your life to reduce any risk of you becoming deficient. 

Important points to consider 

Bariatric surgery is an effective tool to help people lose weight. Many people find it helps them make the necessary long term changes to their diet to lose weight and keep it off. However, it isn’t a ‘quick fix’ or a certainty that you will lose weight. Successful weight loss will be entirely down to you making good dietary choices and increasing your physical activity.

This website can help you get an idea of the how much weight you might lose over time https://bariatric-weight-trajectory-prediction.univ-lille.fr

In the initial period after surgery, you will only be able to eat very small portions and will probably not feel hungry. This  may change with time. Following surgery, you may also not absorb some of the food you eat, so you might not get many nutrients.

It is important to realise that we don’t always eat because we are hungry. We might eat out of habit or because we have learned to turn to food as a comfort when we are bored, upset or happy. This can be callled “head hunger” and does not disappear with surgery and you must learn to overcome this if you want to be successful with your weight loss.

Diet before surgery

Many people who live with obesity have an enlarged liver. This can make the procedure more difficult and increase the risk of complications.

For this reason, it is important you follow a low calorie and carbohydrate diet for 14 or 21 days before your operation. The diet helps shrink the size of the liver making the procedure easier and safer. You may hear it being called the Liver Reducing Diet.

Following this diet will encourage the body to use up its stores of glycogen (a form of stored sugar in the liver and muscles), causing the liver to shrink rapidly.

This diet is designed to reduce the risk from your operation and should not be followed long term.

What does the diet involve?

Each day aim to stick to between 800 to 1000 calories and should try to include at least 60 to 80g protein. The diet is low calorie, low fat, low sugar and low carbohydrate. 

You can choose to use food, shakes, or a combination of both. We suggest including at least 1 meal a day of normal food. This is so you can practice chewing your food thoroughly, at least 20 times, to a soft/paste-like consistency before eating. This is an important part of eating after your surgery to ensure you get the best outcome.  

Option 1: Food

Option 2: Meal replacement shakes

Option 3: Combination of food and shakes

Diabetes

After surgery

You will be woken up in the operating theatre and you will be asked to move yourself onto your bed. You will then go back into your mediroom to recover there or be transferred to a ward.

The surgeon will come and see you once you are fully awake and explain how the operation went and to check that you are feeling well. It is normal to have some pain from the wounds after surgery, and you will be given pain relief and anti-sickness medication. You will be allowed to drink sips of water immediately after surgery.

You will usually stay overnight and go home the following day. However, you may stay longer if you are not fully recovered. Before discharged you will be reviewed by the surgical team and/or our Bariatric Clinical Specialist Nurse.

When it is decided that you are safe to be discharged the paperwork will be completed and you will be given a copy of your discharge summary. On the discharge letter every medication including new medications will be written with instructions on the doses and how/when to take them. 
You will need to continue wearing your TED stockings (which help prevent blood clots) for 2 weeks following surgery. You will also need to give yourself blood thinning injections (enoxparin/fondaparinux) for at least 14 days after discharge. You will be shown how to do this before you leave hospital. You will also be given guidance about wound care. If you become concerned about any of your wounds when discharged please make an appointment with your GP or practice nurse.

Discharge information

What to look out for

Wound care

Fluids (drinking enough)

Bowels (going to the toilet)

Medication

Thromboembolism (TED) Stockings

Driving

Reintroducing food after gastric bypass

What is the aim of the diet after surgery?

After your procedure you will go through a few weeks of food reintroduction. You will slowly move from liquids to solid food. This is to reduce pressure in the gastric pouch and the safely introduce of textured food. 

Aim to:

• take small mouthfuls of food and drink 
• stop eating before you feel full - 1-2 mouthfuls of extra food may make you feel discomfort, nausea or make you vomit
• learn what the early signs of fullness feel like to you and stop here
• chew your food thoroughly – about 20 times per mouthful 
• sip fluids slowly 

If you do not follow these recommendations, there is a risk of nausea, vomiting, bloating, or not achieving significant weight loss. 

The post-surgery diet has 4 stages: 

1. Thin liquids: 2 days 
2. Liquid diet: 10 days   
3. Soft diet: 2-4 weeks 
4. Normal texture food: 4-6 weeks

Stage 1: Thin liquids (2 days)

Stage 2: Liquid diet (10 days)

Stage 3: soft diet (2 weeks)

Stage 4: Healthy normal textured diet (week 6)

Am I eating too much? 

This can be a concern for many people. Ask yourself these questions:

1. Am I eating a lot less than I was before my operation? If yes, then you can feel confident that you are on the right track. If no, please contact the BariatricTeam.
2. Am I making good food choices? If yes, then keep going. If no, think about ways you could change this and contact the Bariatric Team for advice.
3. Am I experiencing pain/sickness/reflux after every meal? If no, then keep going. If yes; slow down your eating, pay attention to your stomach area when eating- listen to your body and leave food on the plate if needed. Contact the Bariatric Team if your symptoms don’t improve.

Post-procedure complications

Constipation

Nausea, vomiting and indigestion

Feeling tired

Hair loss

Vitamin and mineral deficiencies

Dumping syndrome

Increased fertility

Long term lifestyle plan/summary

Protein

Portion sizes

Medications

Follow-up

How to contact us

Date published: 30 June 2026 Review due: 30 June 2029 PI number: BFT002892

Important information

Please read all of this leaflet or you may miss important information about your test. If you do not follow the instructions we may need to cancel your test on the day.

What is a Oesophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy (OGD)?

An OGD looks at your oesophagus (gullet), stomach, and the first part of the small intestines (duodenum). It uses a long flexible telescope (endoscope) with a light and camera on the end.

It is done by a consultant or non-medical clinical endoscopist. The endoscope is passed through the mouth, into the oesophagus, and to the duodenum. Many patients just have local anaesthetic throat spray, but some prefer to have a light sedative. It is not a general anaesthetic. 

You will need to arrange for someone to collect you from the unit and stay with you for at least 6 hours.

Trans-Nasal Endoscopy (TNE)

Some patients can have a Trans-Nasal Endoscopy (TNE) where the scope is passed through the nose instead of the mouth. It is usually more comfortable and you can talk during the procedure.

Please ask if you are interested. It may not always be possible.

How long will the OGD procedure take?

OGD usually takes between 5 to 10 minutes. In some cases this may be longer, but this does not mean anything is wrong. You should expect to be in the department 2 to 4 hours. Unfortunately, it may not always be possible to run to time. The staff will try to keep you informed.

Why do I need to have an OGD?

To help your doctor find the cause of your symptoms by looking directly at the lining of the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Your symptoms may include indigestion, reflux, difficulty swallowing, anaemia, vomiting, weight loss, or blood loss.

Finding the cause for your symptoms helps us treat you, and if necessary, decide on further tests. 

You may have a gastroscopy as part of ongoing surveillance for Barrett’s or ulcers. During this test the endoscopist may take a biopsy (small sample of tissue) for testing. The sample is removed through the endoscope using tiny forceps and does not hurt.

What are the benefits to this procedure?

To help diagnose and/or treat your condition. It may also help your doctor decide if any further investigations are required.

What if I do not have the OGD or change my mind?

It may be difficult to diagnose your condition or offer suitable treatment. You may find it helpful to discuss the test with your family, friends, and/or GP. If you decide not to go ahead, please let us know.

Can I seek a second opinion?

Yes, please seek advice from your GP or referring consultant.

Is there an alternative to an OGD?

X-rays and CT scans are useful but can miss some diagnoses. OGD directly looks at the lining of your oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Biopsies can be taken, and in some cases, treatment can be provided.

What are the risks?

Bleeding: may occur at the site of biopsy or polyp removal (risk of less than 1 in 1000 examinations where this is performed). This usually isn’t too serious and bleeding may stop on its own. If it does not, it can be controlled by cauterization or injection treatment.

Perforation: (or tear in the oesophagus) the risk is about 1 in every 15,000. 

Reaction to medication: if you choose to have sedation, this may cause a problem with breathing, heart rate, or blood pressure. You will be monitored during the procedure to look out for this. Medication to reverse the sedation is available and we will support you as needed.

Missed diagnoses: there is a very small risk that the OGD misses an abnormality due to small folds in the lining of the digestive tract. In these areas the views may be less clear.

Pain: most people can cope well with this procedure. It is common to experience discomfort for a short time, however, a small number of patients may have some pain.

Failure to complete the procedure: your comfort and safety are our priority, we will stop at any time if we cannot ensure this, or if there is a problem with equipment (this is rarer).

How do I prepare for my OGD?

Your stomach needs to be empty for the examination to be safe.

On the day of your test, you must not eat any food for 6 hours before your appointment time. 

You can continue to drink clear liquids until 2 hours before your appointment time.

You should wear loose, comfortable clothing, as you may feel slightly bloated with air following your procedure.

If you have a heavy cold, sore throat, or chest infection, you may need to postpone your OGD until you feel better. Please contact the endoscopy department for advice.

If you prefer to have sedation, please make sure a responsible adult is available to collect you from the department and stay with you for at least 6 hours. Make sure you bring their contact details so we can let them know you are ready to be collected.

What about my medication?

You should take all your usual medication at the normal times with small sips of water unless you have been advised not to. Some medications need to be stopped or adjusted 1 to 2 weeks before your appointment. Please notify the department as soon as possible if you:

• have diabetes
• take medication to thin your blood/prevent clotting like warfarin, apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, clopidogrel
• take long term steroids
• take iron tablets
• take weight loss injections

Why have I been asked if I have a pacemaker/internal cardiac defibrillator?

Implanted permanent pacemakers or cardiac defibrillators latest device checks will be reviewed before your appointment. Please notify the department if you have one.

Do I need to bring anything with me?

• A list of your medications and any you may need to take while you are in the department, such as insulin, inhalers, or GTN spray.
• You are advised not to bring valuables with you. Your belongings will stay with you throughout your stay.

What happens when I arrive?

Please speak to the receptionist. They will check your details and may ask you to complete a form with details of your medical history, and contact details of your next of kin and the person collecting you.

We ask your family and friends not to come with you beyond this point. The department can be very busy and space is limited. We will tell them the approximate time that you will be ready. The recovery staff will call them with a time they can collect you.

The nurse will take you to an admission room to complete the paperwork, check your blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen levels to make sure you are well enough to have the procedure. If you have diabetes the nurse may also test your blood glucose level.

If you decide to have sedation, a cannula (flexible needle) will be inserted into a vein in the back of your hand or arm so that the intravenous sedation can be given. 

The nurse will discuss the risks and benefits of having the procedure to make sure you understand what the procedure involves. You will be asked to sign the consent form. You will be able to ask questions at this point.

Will I have sedation?

OGD can be slightly uncomfortable but not painful. Many patients do not require sedation as a local anaesthetic is sprayed to make the back of your throat numb. This makes it easier for the endoscope to pass down. This also means you can leave the unit shortly after the examination and carry on as normal.

If you choose to have sedation, a cannula will be inserted in a vein in the back of your hand or arm. The sedation will make you drowsy but not unconscious. You will still hear what is being said to you. It is not a general anaesthetic. You will need to arrange for someone to collect you from the unit and stay with you for at least 6 hours. 

Your reaction times will be slower and your judgement affected so you will not be able to drive, operate heavy machinery, sign any legally binding documents, or look after small children or vulnerable adults for 24 hours.

OGD with throat spray

If you have the procedure with throat spray alone, you may leave the department once the discharge paperwork has been handed over to you. There are no restrictions apart from not eating or drinking for 1 hour after having the throat spray. 

Once 1 hour has passed you are able to test your swallowing with sips of water at room temperature, after which you are able to eat and drink as normal. You will be awake during the procedure.

Can my relative/friend stay with me?

There is limited space within the department so unfortunately this is not possible. We will advise them of an approximate time for you to be collected. 

Will I be in a mixed ward?

There are separate male/female waiting and recovery areas.

Who will be in the procedure room with me?

• A nurse who will monitor and support you.
• The endoscopist who will do the procedure.
• Another nurse who will assist the endoscopist.

The procedure will be done by a consultant or a non-medical/ clinical endoscopist. In some cases, an endoscopist who is doing further training (a qualified professional) may also be there. They will be learning to perform endoscopy under direct, expert supervision.

If you would prefer not to have your OGD done by someone training, you can tell us before coming into the procedure room.

Student nurses may also be there and be supervised by the training nursing staff.

What can I expect during the procedure?

When you enter the room, you will be introduced to the team. A checklist will be completed and you will be asked to confirm your details. This is standard procedure to ensure your safety.

You will be made comfortable on a trolley and any monitoring equipment attached. The nurse looking after you will be at your head throughout.

The endoscopist will spray the back of your throat. You will lie on your left-hand side and a mouth guard be placed between your teeth. The nurse looking after you will be at your head throughout.

If you are having sedation this will be given through the cannula in the back of your hand or arm. Once you are relaxed the procedure will begin.

When the endoscopist passes the endoscope over the back of your tongue, or through your nose, it is important to stay calm. It may make you gag, but this feeling will go away. It should not cause you any pain or stop you being able to breathe through your nose and mouth. The nurse will suction/wipe any secretions away to keep your airway clear.

As the endoscope slides down the oesophagus into the stomach. Air will be passed through to ensure a clear view of the lining. This may make you feel bloated, but it will pass. 

You may feel a bit of pressure as the endoscopist passes the endoscope through the stomach. This should not be painful. 

The duodenum will be checked and then the endoscopist begins to remove the endoscope. They take photographs and possibly biopsies for analysis on the way back, this is painless.

Is OGD painful?

It is normal to feel some discomfort during the procedure due to air being introduced into the stomach. You may have a sore throat afterwards, but this will pass. 

What happens after the procedure?

If you have had throat spray only, you will be discharged shortly after the procedure with your discharge paperwork saying the time you can drink/eat from.

If you have had sedation, you will be taken into the recovery area for monitoring. When you have recovered from the initial effects of the sedation the staff will contact your relative/friend to tell them when you will be ready to go home. 

You will be given written discharge advice and your cannula will be removed.

When do I find out the results?

Before you leave the department the results of will be explained to you together with any further tests that may be required.

Biopsies usually take at least 4 weeks to be processed, sometimes longer. You will be told the results by letter or at an outpatient appointment.

How will I feel after the OGD?

Your throat may feel a bit sore. It will settle without treatment, but simple pain medication like paracetamol may help.

You may feel bloated due to air still in your stomach but this should soon settle.

What should I do when I get home?

If you have had throat spray you can return to your normal day as soon as you feel able. 

If you have had sedation, rest quietly for the rest of the day. You will be able to return to normal activities after 24 hours. 
You will be given detailed discharge advice before you leave the unit.

What if I feel unwell or have any concerns after I have been discharged?

If you have any of the following please contact your GP, NHS 111, or go to the Emergency Department and take your results with you:

• a fever
• passing a lot of blood from your bottom or black stools (poo)
• severe abdominal (tummy) pain 
• severe bloating or vomiting

A copy of your results is sent to your GP. You will also be given a copy in case you need to seek medical advice before your GP receives their copy.

If you have any concerns about your test please contact the  helpline. Leave your name, number and a short message: 0117 414 5077.

Date published: 16 July 2026 Review due: 31 July 2029 PI number: BFT002230

Important information

Please read all of this leaflet or you may miss important information about your test. If you do not follow the instructions we may need to cancel your test on the day.

What is an enteroscopy from above?

An enteroscopy is a way of looking at the lining of your small bowel. The endoscope is passed through the mouth, into the oesophagus, and to the duodenum (small bowel). It is normally done with sedation - you won’t be fully unconcious. The consultant will also spray your throat with a local anaesthetic to numb your throat.

Please make sure a responsible adult is available to collect you from the department and stay with you for at least 6 hours. Make sure you bring their contact details so we can let them know you are ready to be collected.

How long will the enteroscopy take?

An enteroscopy takes around 30 to 45 minutes. In some cases this maybe longer, but this does not mean anything is wrong. should expect to be in the department 2 to 4 hours.Unfortunately, it may not always be possible to run to time. The staff will try to keep you informed.

Why do I need to have an enteroscopy?

To help your doctor find the cause of your symptoms, or to follow-up from a previous examination like an X-ray, scan, or pill camera test. It does this by looking directly at the lining of your small bowel. 

Finding the cause of your symptoms helps us treat you, and if necessary, decide on further tests. During this test we may take a biopsy (small sample of tissue) for testing. The tissue is removed through the endoscope using tiny forceps and does not hurt.

What are the benefits to this procedure?

To help diagnose and/or treat your condition. It may also help your doctor decide if any further investigations are required.

What if I do not have the enteroscopy or change my mind?

It may be difficult to diagnose your condition or offer suitable treatment. You may find it helpful to discuss the test with your family, friends, and/or GP. If you decide not to go ahead, please let us know.

Can I seek a second opinion?

Yes, please seek advice from your GP or referring consultant.

Is there an alternative to an enteroscopy?

Other tests like MRI and CT scans are useful but you cannot take samples during them.

What are the risks?

Bleeding: (1 in 100-200) there is a small risk of bleeding due to damage from the endoscope or when biopsies are taken. This is usually minor and stops without treatment. If it does not, be controlled by cauterization or injection treatment.

Aspiration: there is a small risk of inhaling secretions (dribble) into your lungs. To reduce this risk you must follow the instructions about fasting to make sure your stomach is empty. Staff looking after you will help protect your airway by suctioning secretions.

Reaction to medication: sedation may cause a problem with breathing, heart rate, or blood pressure. You will be monitored during the procedure to look out for this. Medication to reverse the sedation is available and we will support you as needed.

Perforation: (or tear in the oesophagus, stomach, small bowel) the risk is about 1 in every 1000. This would mean you need to stay in hospital and may need an emergency operation.

Pancreatitis: inflammation of the pancreas (less than 1 in 100).

Missed diagnoses: there is a very small risk that the endoscopy misses any abnormalities. This is because the folds in the lining of the digestive tract makes the view less clear.

Failure to complete the procedure: your comfort and safety are our priority, we will stop at any time if we cannot ensure this, or if there is a problem with equipment (this is rarer).

Dental damage: a small risk of damage to any crowned teeth or dental bridge work. A nurse will hold a mouth guard in place during the procedure to reduce this risk.

How do I prepare for my enteroscopy?

Your stomach needs to be empty for the examination to be safe.

On the day of your test, you must not eat any food for 6 hours before your appointment time. 

You can continue to drink clear liquids until 3 hours before your appointment time.

You should wear loose, comfortable clothing, as you may feel slightly bloated with air following your procedure.

If you have a heavy cold, sore throat, or chest infection, you may need to postpone your enteroscopy until you feel better. Please contact the endoscopy department for advice. 

What about my medication?

You should take all your usual medication at the normal times with small sips of water unless you have been advised not to. Some medications need to be stopped or adjusted 1-2 weeks before your appointment.

 Please notify the department as soon as possible if you:

• have diabetes
• take medication to thin your blood/prevent clotting like warfarin, apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, clopidogrel
• take long term steroids
• take iron tablets
• take weight loss injections

Why have I been asked if I have a pacemaker/internal cardiac defibrillator?

Implanted permanent pacemakers or cardiac defibrillators latest device checks will be reviewed before your appointment. Please notify the department if you have one.

Do I need to bring anything with me?

• A list of your medications and any you may need to take while you are in the department, such as insulin, inhalers, or GTN spray.
• You are advised not to bring valuables with you. Your belongings will stay with you throughout your stay.
• You do not need to undress for your test but should wear loose, comfortable clothing.

What happens when I arrive?

Please speak to the receptionist. They will check your details and may ask you to complete a form with details of your medical history, and contact details of your next of kin and the person collecting you.

We ask your family and friends not to come with you you beyond this point. The department can be very busy and space is limited. We will tell them the approximate time that you will be ready. The recovery staff will call them with a time they can collect you.

The nurse will take you to an admission room to complete the paperwork, check your blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen levels to make sure you are well enough to have the procedure. If you have diabetes the nurse may also test your blood glucose level.

A cannula (flexible needle) will be inserted into a vein in the back of your hand or arm so that the intravenous sedation can be given.

The consultant will discuss the risks and benefits of having the procedure to make sure you understand what the procedure involves. You will be asked to sign the consent form. You will be able to ask questions at this point.

Will I have sedation?

The procedure is routinely carried out under sedation. A local anaesthetic is sprayed onto the back of your throat, which makes it easier for the endoscope to pass down. The sedation  will make you drowsy but not unconscious. You will still hear what is being said to you. You need to arrange for someone to collect you from the unit and stay with you for at least 8 hours. 

Your reaction times will be slower and your judgement affected so you will not be able to drive, operate heavy machinery, sign any legally binding documents, or look after small children or vulnerable adults for 24 hours.

Can my relative/friend stay with me?

There is limited space within the department so unfortunately this is not possible. We will advise them of an approximate time for you to be collected.

Will I be in a mixed ward?

There are separate male/female waiting and recovery areas.

Who will be in the procedure room with me?

• A nurse who will monitor and support you.
• The consultant/endoscopist who will do the procedure.
• Another nurse who will assist the endoscopist.

The procedure will be done by a consultant or a non-medical/ clinical endoscopist. In some cases, an endoscopist who is doing further training (a qualified professional) may also be there. They will be learning to perform endoscopy under direct, expert supervision.

If you would prefer not to have your enteroscopy done by someone training, you can tell us before coming into the procedure room. 

Student nurses may also be there and be supervised by the training nursing staff.

What can I expect during the procedure?

When you enter the room, you will be introduced to the team. A checklist will be completed and you will be asked to confirm your details. This is standard procedure to ensure your safety.

You will be made comfortable on a trolley and any monitoring equipment attached. The nurse looking after you will be at your head throughout.

The consultant will spray the back of your throat. You will lie on your left-hand side and a mouth guard be placed between your teeth. We will ask you to remove any dentures or plates. The nurse looking after you will be at your head throughout.

The sedation will be given through the cannula in the back of your hand or arm. Once you are relaxed the procedure will begin.

When the consultant passes the endoscope over the back of your tongue, or through your nose, it is important to stay calm.

Is enteroscopy painful?

It is normal to feel some discomfort during the procedure due to air being introduced into the stomach. You may have a sore throat afterwards, but this will pass.

What happens after the procedure?

You will be taken into the recovery area for monitoring. When you have recovered from the initial effects of the sedation the staff will contact your relative/friend to tell them when you will be ready to go home. Once the throat spray has worn off you will be offered refreshments and your cannula will be removed.

When do I find out the results?

Before you leave the department the results of will be explained to you together with any further tests that may be required.

Biopsies usually take at least 2 weeks to be processed, sometimes longer. You will be told the results by letter or at an outpatient appointment.

How will I feel after the enteroscopy?

Your throat may feel a bit sore. It will settle without treatment, but simple pain medication like paracetamol may help.

You may feel bloated due to air still in your stomach but this should soon settle.

What should I do when I get home?

Rest quietly for the rest of the day. You will be able to return to normal activities after 24 hours. You will be given detailed discharge advice before you leave the unit.

What if I feel unwell or have any concerns after I have been discharged?

If you have any of the following please contact your GP, NHS 111, or go to the Emergency Department and take your results with you:

• a fever
• passing a lot of blood from your bottom or black stools (poo)
• severe abdominal pain
• severe bloating or vomiting

A copy of your results is sent to your GP. You will also be given a copy in case you need to seek medical advice before your GP receives their copy.

If you have any concerns about your test please contact the  helpline. Leave your name, number and a short message: 0117 414 5077.

Date published: 25 March 2026 Review due: 31 March 2029 PI number: BFT002823

From writing your initial proposal to statistical requests and patient & public involvement, here you will find all the documents, forms and standard operating procedures you will need to develop and set up your research idea at North Bristol NHS Trust.

Our Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be used by Chief and Principal Investigators, Research Nurses and all other research personnel. They provide detailed guidance on all aspects of research study management from design through to completion.

If you are an NBT staff member, the current research SOPs should first be accessed via our Managed Learning Environment (MLE) in accordance with the Research Staff Training SOP. This will provide you with an electronic training record to evidence that you have read each SOP.

It is the responsibility of all staff who carry out research to ensure you are using the latest SOP.

Some of the documents are available online below. If you would like a document that is not available online, please contact:  research@nbt.nhs.uk.

Policies & Guidance

Standard Operating Procedures

Templates

Research Ethics

Why do I need another scan?

An ultrasound scan is the best way of finding out whether your pregnancy is developing normally, or whether there is a problem. Sometimes we are not able to get all the information that we need from one scan, so you may need to have another scan a week or two later.

What will the second scan show?

For some, the pregnancy will be developing normally. You will be asked to contact your midwife for ongoing care. 

For others, the second scan will diagnose a miscarriage. 

We understand that waiting for the second scan can be distressing. National guidance recommends two scans, sometimes one week apart. This is to confirm that there is no development of the pregnancy.

What happens whilst I am waiting?

If you feel well, you can continue your normal day to day activities. 

If you develop vaginal bleeding or period type cramping, then we recommend that you seek advice with the Early Pregnancy Clinic. Outside working hours, please contact the Cotswold ward. This ward has nurses with experience giving advice about early pregnancy. Please contact us if you have any concerns.

If you have period type cramping you can take paracetamol if needed. You should avoid ibuprofen as this is not recommended in pregnancy.

Are there any symptoms I should report straight away?

If you have any of the following contact the Early Pregnancy Clinic or Gynaecology (Ward 78) at St Michael’s Hospital.

• vaginal bleeding soaking a pad every hour for more than four hours
• passing large blood clots (bigger than a golf ball)
• feeling unwell, dizzy, or faint
• a high temperature
• smelly vaginal discharge

You can find further information on miscarriage and sources of support available in our leaflet on miscarriage. Please request a copy of this from the nurse or doctor in clinic or on the ward. You could also visit Miscarriage UK - Because every loss matters

Early Pregnancy Clinic - 8:30am to 3:30pm

0117 414 6778

This is an answerphone and we aim to return calls within 24 hours. We are a Monday to Friday service and are not open on bank holidays.

Cotswold Ward - 24 hour number 

0117 414 6785/6/8

If you are unable to contact anyone and feel unwell, call 111

Date published: 16 June 2026 Review due: 30 June 2029 PI number: BFT003853